60號三腳圓凳
設計師 | 阿爾瓦·阿爾托 (芬蘭)
設計時間 | 1933
品牌 | 阿爾泰克 (芬蘭)
規格 | 直徑38 x 高44公分
材質 | 樺木彎曲層壓膠合板
Stool 60
DESIGNER．Alvar Aalto (Finland)
DESIGNED．1933
MANUFACTURER．Artek (Finland)
DIMENSIONS．Φ38 x H44cm
MATERIALS．Bent birch lamination plywood
阿爾瓦·阿爾托（Alvar Aalto）的60號凳（Stool 60）源於他對木材工藝的突破性應用。雖然在19世紀中期，木材彎曲技術已經初步發展，但這項技術到了20世紀初期，隨著多層木薄片膠合和模板成型技術的成熟，才得以真正革新。阿爾托在這一技術的基礎上發展出他的L型腿設計，這種設計不僅讓木材能夠彎曲，而且能多方向延展，達到輕盈且具有彈性的效果。
1933年，阿爾托在設計維堡公共圖書館時，為該項目設計了這款簡潔而優雅的三腳凳—60號凳。這款凳子的設計靈感部分來自當時現代主義設計師如馬塞爾·布魯爾（Marcel Breuer）等人的鋼管家具，但Aalto選擇了使用芬蘭傳統的樺木材料，結合自己的L型腿技術，發展出了一種獨特的風格。樺木不僅讓設計更符合當地環境，還呈現出自然的溫潤質感，這讓60號凳看似簡樸，卻充滿現代主義的藝術氣息。
阿爾托在1933年倫敦的福楠梅森（Fortnum & Mason）百貨商場展示這款凳子時，立刻引起了轟動。60號凳不僅在公共場所廣泛使用，它的輕巧堆疊特性和多功能設計也使其成為私人空間中的經典之作，象徵著對現代生活的追求。這款凳子以其簡約設計、結實耐用性以及功能多樣性，成為現代主義設計中的一個永恆標誌。
Alvar Aalto's Stool 60 is a testament to his groundbreaking use of woodcraft. While techniques for bending wood had already been developed in the mid-19th century, it wasn't until the early 20th century, with the advancement of laminated wood and mold technology, that the craft truly evolved. Aalto built on this foundation with his innovative L-leg design, which not only allowed wood to bend but also extend in multiple directions, creating a light and flexible effect.
In 1933, Aalto designed the Stool 60 for the Viipuri Library project. Inspired in part by modernist designers like Marcel Breuer and their tubular steel furniture, Aalto chose to work with birch, a traditional Finnish material, using his L-leg technique to create a distinctive style. The choice of birch not only made the design more suited to the local environment but also gave it a warm, natural texture, balancing simplicity with a modernist aesthetic.
When Aalto showcased the Stool 60 at Fortnum & Mason in London in 1933, it made an immediate impact. Its stackable, lightweight, and multifunctional design became a staple not only in public spaces but also in private homes. The Stool 60 symbolizes the modernist pursuit of a design that is minimalist yet versatile, durable, and functional, making it a timeless icon of modern design.